Conservation of What, Management for Whom: Wildlife Governance as if Extinction and Democracy Mattered

In today’s world, the stakes for wildlife conservation have never been higher. Species are disappearing at an alarming rate, habitats are vanishing under the weight of human development, and climate change is intensifying the pressures on already fragile ecosystems. Amid this biodiversity crisis, we’re forced to confront a critical question: Conservation of what, and management for whom?

For over a century, wildlife governance in the United States has revolved around narrow goals and even narrower constituencies. Most state wildlife agencies were designed to serve a single purpose—managing game species for hunting and fishing—guided by the preferences of a limited demographic: licensed hunters and anglers. While these traditions have their place, they no longer represent the full spectrum of public interest in wildlife.

Americans today care about wildlife in diverse and meaningful ways. Many value non-consumptive activities like birdwatching, hiking, and photography. Others view wildlife through a cultural, spiritual, or ecological lens, understanding animals as essential members of their communities and ecosystems. And for millions, the simple existence of wild animals—a world where species thrive for their own sake—is enough to inspire action.

Yet our current systems of wildlife management largely exclude these voices. Decision-making remains concentrated in the hands of state commissions and agencies that are often politically appointed, unelected, and beholden to outdated priorities. This governance structure is not only undemocratic—it’s failing the very wildlife it was created to protect.

The Biodiversity Crisis

Consider this: In the U.S., more than one-third of all species are at risk of extinction. Many of these animals are not hunted or fished and therefore fall outside the traditional purview of state wildlife agencies. Amphibians, songbirds, pollinators, and other critical species are slipping through the cracks of a system designed to prioritize game management over biodiversity.

At the same time, climate change, habitat loss, and pollution are accelerating declines in wildlife populations. The threats we face today demand bold, transformative action. Incremental tweaks to an outdated system will not suffice.

A Vision for Wildlife Governance

Wildlife for All was founded on the belief that wildlife governance must evolve. If we are to meet the twin challenges of extinction and democracy, we need a system that reflects the values, concerns, and aspirations of all people—not just a select few.

This means:

• Broadening the Mission: State wildlife agencies must move beyond their historic focus on game species to embrace a mission centered on biodiversity and ecosystem health. Every species matters, whether or not it generates revenue through hunting licenses.
• Inclusive Decision-Making: Wildlife belongs to everyone. Governance structures must ensure that the full diversity of public voices—including non-hunters, Indigenous communities, and historically excluded groups—are heard and valued.
• Ethical, Science-Driven Policy: Decisions about wildlife management should be based on the best available ethics and science, not political agendas or special interests. This includes planning for the long-term effects of climate change on habitats and species.

Conservation as if Extinction and Democracy Mattered

We believe that wildlife protection and conservation should be guided by two fundamental principles: the urgency of preventing extinction and the imperative of strengthening democracy. These goals are not mutually exclusive; in fact, they are deeply intertwined.

Preventing extinction requires bold, decisive action to protect wildlife and ecosystems. But this cannot happen without a governance system that invites everyone to the table. When decisions are made transparently and democratically, they are stronger, more just, and more reflective of the public will.

What Can You Do?

The path to a better future starts with recognizing that the old ways of doing things are not enough. Reforming wildlife governance requires grassroots action, public engagement, and relentless advocacy for systemic change. Here’s how you can help:

1. Educate Yourself: Learn about how wildlife governance works in your state and the changes needed to make it more inclusive and effective.
2. Get Involved: Attend public meetings, provide input on policy proposals, and connect with organizations advocating for reform.
3. Demand Change: Write to your state legislators, asking them to support reforms that prioritize biodiversity and democratize decision-making.

Wildlife conservation isn’t just about preserving animals and habitats—it’s about creating a system that values all life and all voices. It’s about ensuring that future generations inherit a planet teeming with life and a democracy that works for everyone.

Together, we can create a wildlife governance system that acts as if extinction and democracy truly mattered. Let’s make this vision a reality.